Optimal allocation of water resources under integrated water-energy-ecological benefits in Kaidu River basin
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Abstract:
The Yanqi basin, located in northwestern China is one of the most water-stressed regions with highly developed irrigated agriculture. Bosten Lake of the Yanqi basin is the largest inland freshwater lake in China, which is the tail end of the Kaidu River and the source of the Kongque River. The local government plans to build seven hydroelectric power stations in the Kaidu River basin to improve the utilization of its water resources, and three hydroelectric power stations have been built so far. The dam seriously interferes with the natural flow regime of the river and alters the discharged surface irrigation water, making it difficult to reconcile the conflict between the irrigation water needed for agriculture and the water stored in the dam for power generation. Therefore, the Kai-Kong River basin is a river-lake-reservoir connectivity basin. The local agricultural irrigation extracts large amounts of groundwater, resulting in a rapid decline in the water level. The Kongque River has been delivering ecological water to the lower Tarim River since 2000, causing a dramatic drop in the Bosten Lake level. Therefore, win-win strategies should be considered in the management of water, agriculture, and energy resources with the aim to balancing agricultural production, energy development, and ecological protection. To solve the problem of irrational allocation of water resources in the Kaidu River basin, based on the River, Lake, and Reservoir Connectivity Project. The multi-objective optimal allocation model of water resources is constructed to maximize the economic benefits of agriculture, as well as to maximize the benefits of reservoir power generation, along with minimizing the regional ecological pressure index, and the optimal ecological water level of Bosten Lake as the constraint. To improve the solution efficiency and accuracy of the optimization model, we used the reference-point many-objective algorithm to solve the model. The optimization model is solved to produce multiple sets of optimization scenarios, causing decision interference for the manager. To help managers choose the most appropriate decision-making scheme, we constructed an evaluation index system for the most appropriate regional water resources allocation scheme based on the criterion layers of economic, social, and ecological benefits, and used the hierarchical analysis process to evaluate and analyze it. The option 34 is optimized for the most appropriate and local development after weighing economic, social, and ecological benefits. Option 34 would sacrifice some economic benefits to improve ecological benefits, with reservoir power generation reaching 3.99×108 kW?h and regional agricultural economic benefits reaching 2.166 billion yuan, while the ecological stress index is the smallest of the optimized options at 2.84. The optimization reduced the area planted with wheat, cotton, and pepper, and increased the area planted with corn and tomatoes. The largest reduction in the area under wheat was 3 312 hm2, followed by cotton at 795 hm2, and the smallest reduction in the area under pepper at 320 hm2. By reformulating the Bolangsumu diversion station Bosten Lake diversion ratio, there is a clear trend of increase in the water level of the big and small lakes, and the ecological water level of the lakes is guaranteed. This option increases reservoir power generation by 5.83%, reduces agricultural economic benefits by 2.34% while at the same time increases the ecological stress index by 40.08% compared to the traditional option. The optimized local cropping structure needs to be adjusted appropriately, with an increase in corn and tomato area and a decrease in wheat, cotton, and paper area. By improving the allocation of water into and out of Lake Bosten, the water level of both the large and small lakes has reached the optimum ecological level. The research results can provide a decision-making reference for local managers to formulate water resource allocation programs, which is of important theoretical significance and application value.
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