The construction of water use efficiency frequency spectrum and its temporal and spatial variation analysis: Taking the four economic regions in China as an example
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Abstract:
China is among one of the countries in the world with high degree of water stress due to its uneven distribution of water resources. Reasonable evaluation of water resources utilization efficiency is an important method to balance the relationship between supply and demand of water resources supply as well as economic development, and it is also one of the important tasks of water-saving management. Water use efficiency evaluation is an important means to analyze and compare the effectiveness, rationality and water saving effect of water resources utilization in regions and industries. A comprehensive and sub-industry water use efficiency spectrum fitting method was constructed based on the combination of geographic information, water use efficiency and economic development data. The spectrum curves of comprehensive water use efficiency and water use efficiency of agriculture, industry and life in China were drawn by taking 31 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities in the mainland of China from 2010 to 2022 as an example. The spatial and temporal variation rules of water use efficiency in various regions and industries along with their differences were analyzed. The main driving factors of water use efficiency changes were identified by geographic detectors, and water-saving optimization suggestions were put forward according to the characteristics of water use differences in various regions. The results show that from the year 2010 to 2022, the comprehensive water use efficiency and benefit of 97.0% of the provinces showed a synergistic growth trend, and the fitting degree of water use efficiency and economic benefit of different industries gradually improved with time with the simultaneous increased benefits of all the provinces. The increase of agricultural water use efficiency in Northeast China is the largest. The average annual decrease of water consumption per mu of actual irrigation of agricultural cultivated land is 1.9%, but the average annual increase of GDP per capita in the same period is only 46.6% of the national average. The comprehensive economic growth in the western region is the largest, with an average annual growth rate of 16.5%. The industrial water use efficiency also showed largest increase in the same period. The industrial added value water consumption in the western region has decreased by an average annual rate of 6.3% in the past 13 years. However, there is still a big gap between the agricultural water use efficiency and the eastern and central regions. The efficiency of industrial water use in the central region is low. The comprehensive water use efficiency and benefit in the eastern region continue to lead. The main driving factors for the change of agricultural water use efficiency in China are annual precipitation and water-saving irrigation area. The efficiency of industrial and domestic water use is most driven by water-saving investment. The comprehensive and industrial water usage in each region of China is expected to continue developing towards greater efficiency and higher benefits. The level of coordinated development will gradually increase, with agricultural and domestic water consumption showing a positive correlation with benefits. In the eastern region, water use efficiency and benefits are leading, although domestic water consumption remains high. In the western region, both water use efficiency and benefits are rising rapidly, yet agricultural water consumption is still significant, along with industrial water consumption in the central region. Based on the above analysis, the optimization suggestions for further tapping the water-saving potential and improving the water use efficiency are put forward according to the characteristics of each region, which provided a technical method for the economical and efficient utilization of water resources.
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