Assessment of sustainability of water resource utilization on the northern slope of Tianshan Mountains based on grey water footprint
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Abstract:
The northern slope of Tianshan Mountains is the economic center of gravity of Xinjiang and an important urban agglomeration in Northwest China. Water consumption on the northern slopes of the Tianshan Mountains has increased over the years with the development of society and the economy. However, the contradiction between supply and demand for water resources had been exacerbated by the low precipitation and high evaporation intensity in Northwest China. The uneven spatial and temporal distribution of water resources in this region and the serious overexploitation of groundwater severely limited the development of local economy and restricted the adjustment function of ecosystem. Therefore, it is urgent to carry out the sustainable research of water resources on the northern slope of Tianshan Mountains. Previous studies on water resources on the northern slope of Tianshan Mountains mostly adopted the index system evaluation method to evaluate the carrying capacity and safety level of water resources. In the past, there were more studies on the development and utilization of water resources, but fewer studies on the sustainable utilization of water resources, and the research time scale mostly stayed around 2015. In this study, grey water footprint method was adopted to select indicators from the two aspects of "quality" and "quantity" of water resources, comprehensively considered the impact of water quality and quantity on water resources sustainability, and extended the time scale to 2020. Therefore, based on the basic data such as GDP, total water resources, water supply, chemical oxygen demand and ammonia nitrogen emission, this study employed the grey water footprint methodology to conduct a thorough assessment of the sustainable utilization of water resources on the northern slope of Tianshan Mountains from 2006 to 2020, aiming to offer insights and guidance for the formulation of water resources planning in this region. The results indicate that there are spatial variations in the grey water footprint among cities located on the northern slope of Tianshan Mountains. The spatial distribution pattern is 14.75 billion to 2.222 billion m3 higher in the central region than in the east and west regions, and the temporal distribution trend is first rising and then decreasing. Among them, the region as a whole increased by 11.56% in 2016 compared with 2006, and decreased by 23.30% in 2020 compared with 2016. There are differences in the composition of grey water footprint in different cities, most cities are dominated by agricultural grey water footprint, Urumqi domestic grey water footprint also occupies a large proportion, and Shihezi industrial grey water footprint accounts for the largest proportion. The sustainable utilization status of water resources in the northern slope of Tianshan Mountains as a whole and some cities mostly improved from 2014 to 2016, and the sustainable utilization index of water resources increased steadily. However, the sustainable utilization index of water resources in Bozhou and Tacheng regions grew slowly. Consequently, the study area continues to confront significant pressures regarding water resources, necessitating enhancements in the sustainable utilization of these resources. The findings of this study can serve as a valuable reference for promoting high-quality water resources management on the northern slope of Tianshan Mountains.
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