Inter-basin water transfer multi-source multi-objective water allocation simulation-optimization twin-level coupling algorithm
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Abstract:
Over a hundred water transfer projects have been implemented to address the disparity between the spatial distribution of water resources and economic and social development patterns in China, notably the Eastern and Middle Route of South-to-North Water Transfers Project. These projects are vital for supporting sustainable economic and social development. The integration of cross-basin and cross-regional water transfer projects with local water source projects forms a complex multi-water source system, which involves multiple regions, projects, users, as well as departments, which results in large-scale, multi-objective nonlinear programming challenges. Traditional simulation or optimization methods struggle to balance solution efficiency with optimization performance. Hence, studying simulation-optimization coupling algorithms is a practical approach to enhance calculation efficiency and ensure effective water resource utilization. This study examines the allocation sequence of local and external water resources, and proposes a dual-layer coupling solution algorithm for multi-water source scheduling. The algorithm first uses simulation methods to address local water source allocation (upper-layer algorithm), employing a uniform water supply mode to calculate the ideal optimal water supply quantity and adjust constraint violations period by period. Subsequently, a large-scale system decomposition and coordination method is used to manage external water allocation (lower-layer algorithm) based on upper-layer scheduling results. By introducing coordination variables to decouple system correlation constraints, the original complex system is transformed into multiple simpler subsystems, with optimal solutions obtained through feedback and iteration between subsystems and the coordination layer. A multi-objective optimization model for water quantity scheduling was developed in the Eastern Route of South-to-North Water Transfers Project area. The optimization goals were to minimize the total weighted water shortage rates of users in the receiving area and the overall amount of water transferred from the source. The simulation-optimization dual-layer coupling algorithm was employed to solve the problem, and its effectiveness was verified. Results for the typical dry year of 1992 showed that: (1) With a Yangtze River flow of 4.364 billion m3, the water demand of the receiving area can be met by prioritizing surplus local runoff from Hongze Lake and Dongping Lake; (2) Diverting 2.5 billion m3 of water from the Yangtze River can reduce the comprehensive water shortage rate in the receiving area to 16.52%. This water quantity scheduling plan is a coordinated approach addressing both water shortage and diversion; (3) The simulation-optimization dual-layer coupling algorithm, combined with constraint relaxation, local water source simulation, and large-scale system decomposition and coordination, effectively reduces the computational complexity of cross-basin water transfer system scheduling problems while ensuring optimization performance. The layered calculation demonstrates that the joint allocation relationship between local and external water transfers, thus improving the interpretability of multi-source scheduling results. The algorithm provides a reference for solving multi-objective water quantity scheduling problems in large-scale cross-basin water transfers.
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