Water-energy-food nexus and its influencing factors in China

In 2011,the water-energy-food nexus was proposed in Bonn and it was summarized that the water-energy-food nexus can help humans to better understand the relationship between the three and solve global resource problems.In the same year,Stockholm International Environment Institute proposed the conceptual framework of water-energy-food nexus,including influencing factors such as population growth and climate change.In 2013,the UN Economic and Social Council of Asia-Pacific issued the Report on Water-Energy-Food Link in Asia-Pacific Region.In 2014,FAO expounded on the water-energy-food relationship from the perspective of food security.The relationship between the three is particularly important in the shortage of global resources,population growth,climate change,and environmental deterioration. The spatial correlation of water resources system development index,energy system development index,food system development index,water-energy-grain system comprehensive development index,and waterenergygrain coupling coordination are calculated,and the water-energy-food coupling coordination from 2003 to 2017,and the influence of working population,fixed asset investment,GDP per capita and total population are analyzed. The water resources system development index is lower than the energy system development index and the food system development index.The water-energy-food system comprehensive development index shows a rising trend,and low levels of coordination of water-energy-grain coupling,most are at the level of forced and primary coordination.The results of the spatial autocorrelation test showed that the Moran′s I index varies greatly in the time series,except for the following 2004,2005,outside of 2013,all passed the significance test at the 10% level,with the spatial aggregation characteristics,spatially interrelated and dependent.When performing the influence factor analysis using the spatial Dubin model,the number of the employed population,fixed asset investment,and urbanization have passed the significance test.It promotes the improved coordination of water-energy-grain coupling.The per capita GDP,population,and industrial pollution passed the significance test,which was negative,suppressed the improved coordination of water-energy-grain coupling. According to the above studies,the water-energy-food coordination is weak at the primary level,but in the current development trend,in the future,increase working population,increase investment in fixed assets,accelerate urbanization,strictly control industrial enterprises,reduce industrial pollution emissions,reasonably control population quantity and coordinate the relationship between economic development and resource environment can enhance water-energy-food coordination.

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