Distribution of arsenic compounds in vadose zone and groundwater around the chicken farm in Lubei Plain
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Abstract:
Roxarsone (3-nitro-4-hydroxyphenylarsonic acid) has been used extensively in broiler poultry feed, and most roxarsone is excreted, almost untransformed, as part of the waste. After entering into the environment, roxarsone can be rapidly transformed into more toxic derivatives, such as arsenate and arsenite, via microbial action or photolysis. These arsenical products can then contaminate soil, surface water, and groundwater through rain and farming irrigation. A chicken farm of Lubei Plain was taken as the study area. The chicken manure, chicken feed, surface soil, manure-piled or background vertical vadose zone profiles, and groundwater around the chicken farm were sampled and the arsenic compounds were detected. The roxarsone concentration in the chicken feed was 34 mg/kg and the HAPA (3-amino-4-hydroxyphenylarsonic) concentration in the chicken manure was 11 mg/kg. The closer to the chicken farm, the higher the arsenic concentration in the surface soil. The arsenic compounds in the three vadose zone profiles were mainly AS(V), with a little AS(III). The concentrations of HAPA, As(V), and As(III) in the manure-piled vertical vadose zone profiles were the highest in the topsoil, and they decreased as the depth increased, while also being affected by soil lithology. The main adsorption layers of arsenic compounds were at 0-30 cm depth and below 200 cm. Compared with that in the background vadose zone, the concentration of arsenic compounds in the manure-piled vertical vadose zone was higher. Among the groundwater samples, 165 μg/kg of As(V) was detected in the old well. The results confirmed that the piled chicken manure had increased the arsenic concentration in the vertical vadose zone, surface soil, and groundwater around the chicken farm, and this pollution was difficult to eliminate.
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