Evolution of Groundwater Flow Field in Huairou Emergency Groundwater Well Field and Its Surrounding Area Under Impacts of Multiple Factors
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Abstract:
In order to investigate the evolution of groundwater flow field in Huairou emergency well field, the variations of regional groundwater level and water level in the well field were analyzed from 1978 to 2010. The evolution of the flow field in the study area underwent four periods: natural flow field period before 1980, locally slow water level decline period from 1980 to 1985, dynamic balance period from 1986 to 1998, and significant water level decline period from 1999 to 2010. Further studies suggested that the natural factors, such as decreasing in precipitation and abandoned water, and human activities, such as change in the infiltration of underlying surface conditions and continuous groundwater pumping, have caused the reduction in groundwater recharge. In the past 30 years, the construction area of urban and rural settlements increased by approximately 120 km2, and the area of irrigated land and dry land decreased by nearly 102 km2, which resulted in the change in underlying surface conditions and thus significant reduction in precipitation infiltration. Continuous groundwater pumping caused 41-m drawdown of groundwater level in this area. The cone of depression expanded from locally to regionally with a depression area of 200 km2, indicating groundwater overexploitation status in the area. The capacity of single well and the total production of well field have decreased with continuous groundwater level decline and expansion of cone of depression. Therefore, water conservation engineering should be performed in the area, and the function of emergency and standby of water source site needs to be reinstated to ensure the safety of water supply. .
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