为提高区域农业旱灾恢复力测度精度，构建基于遗传算法优化的卷积神经网络（convolutional neural networks optimized by genetic algorithm，GA-CNN）模型。以讷河市为研究区域，根据当地农业经济发展规律与水资源空间分布状况，选取11个农业旱灾恢复力表征指标，基于构建的GA-CNN模型精确测度研究区2010—2021年的旱灾恢复力，并采用熵值法对恢复力时间演变的关键驱动力进行解析。结果表明：研究时段内，讷河市农业旱灾恢复力在时间尺度上呈现先上升后下降再波动起伏的演变态势；森林覆盖率、单位面积粮食产量、人均水资源量等是影响研究区农业旱灾恢复力时程变化的主要驱动因子；研究构建的GA-CNN模型与传统CNN模型及SVM模型相比，平均绝对误差EMA分别降低了23.51%和32.36%，均方根误差ERMS 分别降低了14.42%和25.32%，拟合优度 R2 分别增长了0.08%和1.08%，说明GA-CNN模型在拟合性、适配性、稳定性、可靠性以及评估精度等方面更具优势。研究成果可为区域农业旱灾恢复力测度提供一种更为可靠的新模型，也可为区域农业防旱减灾、应急管理等提供科学指导。

In the case of global warming, it was established that the amount of uncertainty is growing with regard to droughts. Due to this, different parts of the world experience different types of drought and different measures when it comes to the recovery process of drought, leading to great losses in agriculture. Hence, it is momentous for agricultural droughts to be explored in more depth and to look for proper ways to handle them. Convolutional neural networks (CNN) provide high stability and generalization capability because of the parameter sharing and sparse connection, which decrease the number of parameters for weights and bias respectively. However, they highly depend on the selection of the learning rate (η) to decide their efficiency. Genetic algorithms (GA) have a strong attribute of global search and therefore can be used to optimize functions that are nonlinear and unbalanced and those that comprise of multi-peak; the results obtained in practice have proven to be very efficient. Hence, the use of a CNN model optimized by a GA-CNN to assess the population’s drought resilience. The conceptual framework and analysis of the distribution of water resources in relation to the agricultural economic development of the studied region allowed choosing the following 11 indicators to estimate the level of agricultural drought risk. Thus, applying the principles of the GA-CNN model, the level of drought resilience of the study area was determined for 2010-2021. To find the driving forces of the time evolution of resilience, the entropy method was applied. The results show that during the study period, the agricultural drought resilience of Nehe City was on a rising-triangle course. The temporal change in the agricultural drought resilience in the study area was affected by forest coverage, grain yield per unit area, per capita water resources. With reference to the benchmarks using CNN and SVM, the GA-CNN model offered a decrease in the value of EMA by 23.51% and 32.36%, ERMS by 14.42% and 25.32%, and increase in R2 by 0.08% and 1.08%, respectively. This means that in the areas of fit, ability to adapt, stability and reliability, and the assessment of the model, GA-CNN performs better as compared to others.Based on the main constraints of drought resilience in the study area mentioned above, future research and development strategies should target the reduction of available water supply, the improvement of food productivity, and the rise of forest cover. To sum up, proper management of agricultural water resources, increasing the production capacity of food, effective protection of forests, as well as the greatest possible use of forest resource potentiality, is critical for increasing stable and promising agricultural drought resistance. These measures will also be of help in the diffusion of improvement to neighboring areas and assisting in a mutually beneficial augmentation of the agricultural regions for drought incidences.