通过分析城市水资源调配对“系统结构-社会-经济-生态环境”的影响，系统梳理水资源联合调配与综合利用的效果，基于层次分析和熵值的综合指数方法构建综合效益的评估体系。以北京市为例，评价2014—2021年多水源联合调配的实施效果。研究表明：北京市水资源调配对系统均衡结构、经济社会发展、生态环境改善等方面产生了不同程度的影响，其中生态环境效益显著。此外，综合效益指数的逐年提升表明近年来北京市水资源的联合调配有效促进了城市的可持续发展。

Water is the most crucial and fundamental resource for driving social progress. To address the uneven distribution of water resource-related issues and the disparity between population and economic demands, China implemented a national water network project aimed at systematically allocating and efficiently utilizing regional water resources. The operation of the Middle Route of the South-to-North Water Transfers Project significantly enhanced Beijing's water supply system, leading to a multi-source water supply pattern that effectively improved urban water resource security. To tackle the challenges posed by climate change, Beijing proposed various water resource allocation principles to optimize the distribution of water for domestic, industrial, and ecological purposes, supporting the city's rapid development. However, how water resources are allocated, and what are the significant impacts and benefits? Thus, it is imperative to establish a comprehensive evaluation system that thoroughly assesses the beneficial effects of water resource allocation and utilization to enhance the resilience of the urban water resources system scientifically.This study examined the benefits of multiple water resources joint allocation projects in Beijing using data from 2010 to 2021. This study systematically analyzed the effects of joint allocation and comprehensive utilization of water resources by identifying their impacts on the "structure-society-economy-ecology". An evaluation system of comprehensive benefits was constructed using the comprehensive index evaluation method of entropy weight. The comprehensive benefits of water resources allocation and utilization were analyzed and evaluated, thereby examining the changing characteristics of the benefit index across four dimensions: social impact, economic impact, ecological environment, and system structure.The results indicated that Beijing's water structure became more resilient according to industrial structure adjustments, the active promotion of water-saving initiatives, and the emphasis on ecological environment protection. Water consumption in the industrial and agricultural sectors has decreased, while in the domestic and environmental sectors has increased. Urban water resource allocation effectively improved the equilibrium state of water resource carrying capacity in Beijing. However, due to significant spatial differences in the economy and population and the influence of changing water conditions, the suitability of water supply for economic and social development exhibited obvious differentiation, leading to a pronounced spatial imbalance between regional water supply and population. The joint allocation of water resources in Beijing had varying degrees of impact on structural balance, social impact, economic impact, and ecological environment benefits, with the ecological environment showing significant improvement. Additionally, the annual enhancement of the comprehensive benefit index indicates that water resource allocation in Beijing has contributed to the city's sustainable development.In light of the above analysis, to further improve the efficiency and scientific management of water resource allocation in complex water conditions, it is significant to promote the construction of the water resource market system, continuously enhance the water resource management mechanism, and actively involve society communities in the sustainable use of water resources. It is highly recommended that an urban water economic model should be developed to further improve the effectiveness assessment of the urban water resources allocation system and the development of optimization plans .