为查明区域地下水化学特征对微生物群落结构影响,在北京琉璃河镇及周边地区采集9组地下水样。在调查地下水化学特征基础上,利用高通量测序技术,对地下水样进行16SrRNA基因V4-V5区测序,用于分析地下水化学特征与微生物群落结构间相关性。水化学结果表明,研究区地下水共有HCO_3-Ca·Mg、HCO_3·Cl-Ca、HCO_3·Cl·SO_4-Ca和HCO_3-Ca水4种水型,主要水型为HCO_3-Ca·Mg水,部分地下水受NO_3-、SO_42-污染。微生物结果表明,研究区地下水优势菌门为Proteobacteria,但无明显优势菌属。不同水型中微生物多样性呈地下水化学类型越简单,微生物群落多样性水平越低趋势。HCO_3-Ca·Mg、HCO_3·Cl-Ca、HCO_3·Cl·SO_4-Ca和HCO_3-Ca水4种水型中共有菌属数量为113个,特有菌属数量分别为186、32、33和2个。影响因子对微生物群落结构影响程度为浊度>EC（电导率）>DO（溶解氧）>pH，较高的EC和DO值有利于 Pseudomonas、Vogesella、Hydrogenophaga 菌属生长，pH适度增加有利于 Gallionella、Nitrospira菌属生长。综上可知，区域地下水化学特征对微生物群落结构具有显著影响。

Nine groundwater samples in the Liuli River and its surrounding areas in Beijing were taken to investigate the effects of characteristics of regional groundwater chemistry on microbial community.Characteristics of groundwater chemistry were examined,and the V4-V5 region of 16S rRNA was scanned by the high throughput sequencing.The correlation between groundwater chemical characteristics and microbial community structure were then explored.The results of hydrochemistry showed that HCO_3-Ca·Mg、HCO_3·Cl-Ca、HCO_3·Cl·SO_4-Ca and HCO_3-Ca were found and the main type is HCO_3-Ca·Mg in the study area.Microbial analysis results showed that Proteobacteria was the predominant phylum and predominant gene was not found in the study area.The microbial diversity from different types of groundwater showed that the level of microbial diversity increased with complexity of groundwater chemical types.A total of 113 genera were found in the four chemical types of groundwater,and the numbers of microorganisms in HCO_3-Ca·Mg、HCO_3·Cl-Ca、HCO_3·Cl·SO_4-Ca and HCO_3-Ca were 186,32,33 and 2,respectively.The order of groundwater impact on microbial community was turbidity>EC>DO>pH.The turbidity,Pseudomonas,Vogesella and Hydrogenophaga were benefited from Higher EC and DO values,and the Gallionella and Nitrospira were stimulated by moderate increase of pH.In summary, the characteristics of regional groundwater chemistry had significant effects on microbial community.

国家重点研发计划(2016YFC0502502)；中国地质调查局基本科研业务费(JYYWF20182001)；国家自然科学基金(41471447)