以某长距离调水工程为研究对象, 基于原形观测资料分析渠道冬季冰情发展规律和存在的冰凌问题。介绍了 渠道和建筑物布置特点、不同冬季气象特点和冬季输水运行方式, 分析了流冰期、封冻期、开河期的冰情现象, 不同 年份和空间上的冰情分布特征, 总结了长距离输水渠道冰情生消演变的基本规律。基于典型冬季渠道出现的特殊 冰凌灾害, 列举了冰塞、泵站前池水位下降、分水口流量降低、仪器设备读数失真、渠道衬砌冻胀等冰凌影响事件, 分 析了气象条件、水力条件和工程布置特点对冰凌危害出现的影响。从调度、工程措施出发, 在不同冰期阶段, 针对不 同渠道和建筑物位置, 提出集防、拦、扰、捞、排一体化的冰凌防护措施, 为长距离输水工程冬季冰期安全高效运行提 供技术保障。

This paper takes a long2distance w ater diversion project as the r esear ch object, and analyzes the ice develo pment law and ice hazar d o f the channel in w inter based on pro toty pe observat ion data. This paper intr oduces the lay out features of the channel and other co nstr uctions, the meteoro lo gical char acteristics in w inter, and the w ater convey ance mode in winter. It analy2 zes the ice phenomena in the ice drift period, fr eezing perio d, and thaw ing perio d, and t he ice distribution characteristics in differ2 ent years and areas. It summarizes the basic rules of ice formatio n and melt ing in the lo ng2distance w ater co nv eyance channel. Based on the special ice hazards in ty pical channels in winter, this paper lists such events as ice jam, w ater lev el decrease at fo re2 bay o f pumping station, flow rate decrease at div ersio ns, disto rtion o f instr ument readings, and canal lining fro st heaving . It ana2 lyzes the influence of meteor olog ical conditions, w ater conditio ns, and pr ojects lay out characteristics on the formation of ice haz2 ar ds. Fr om the perspectives of scheduling and engineering measures, this paper puts forwa rds a set of pr otectiv e measur es cover2 ing preventio n, blocking, interfer ence, fishing , and dra inag e acco rding to different channels and positio ns of the constructio ns in differ ent ice periods. It can pro vide t echnical support fo r t he safe and eff icient o perat ion o f long2distance w ater diversio n projects in winter.

国家重点研发计划( 2017YFC0405000; 2017YFC0405003; 2016YFC0401800; 2016YFC0401810)