控制单元水环境受损诊断是控制单元水质目标管理的基础工作。为全面、客观地评价控制单元水环境问题, 提出了分类分级综合指标评价法, 对控制单元的水质、物理生境、生物生态受损程度进行综合评估。首先, 根据水环 境受损类型将评价指标划分为化学、物理、生物三类; 其次, 采用专家打分法确定系统指标权重, 利用多级递进百分 制量化指标分值; 最后, 利用综合得分评价控制单元水体受损类型和受损程度, 受损程度可依据综合得分划分为几 乎未受损、轻度受损、中度受损、中重度受损、重度受损五个等级。以大辽河控制单元为例, 对控制单元水环境受损 状况进行诊断分析, 结果表明该河段受损类型属物理损害和生物损害, 且水体耗氧类污染较重, 综合受损程度为轻 度受损。

The water env iro nmental damag e diag no sis of contro l unit is the basis of the wat er quality tar get management of con2 tr ol unit . In or der to evaluat e t he w ater environment of contro l unit comprehensively, the classificat ion and g rading compr ehen2 siv e index evaluation method was pr oposed to evaluat e the w ater quality, phy sical habitat, and ecolog ical damag e o f contr ol unit. Fir st, the w ater envir onment damag e t ypes w ere divided into chemical damage, phy sica l damag e, and bio log ical damag e. Seco nd, the ex per t sco ring method was used to determine the index w eight, and the multistag e prog ressiv e centesimal system w as used to quantify the compr ehensive sco re index . Finally , based o n the comprehensive sco re, the damage type and damag e degr ee of co nt rol unit wer e ev aluated, and the damag e deg ree can be divided into no damag e, slight damage, moderate damag e, mo derat ely sev ere damaged, and sever ely damag ed. T he method w as applied to ev aluate the w ater env iro nment damag e in the contr ol unit in the Daliao Riv er, w hich sug gested t hat t he damag e types a re physical and biolog ical damag es, the ox yg en consumptio n pollutio n is heav y, and the compr ehensive damage degr ee is slig ht.

国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项( 2012ZX075032002; 2013ZX075012 005)